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Motorcycle Construction

Chassis

The chassis of a motorcycle includes the frame and suspension, along with the front forks, of the vehicle.

Frame

Main article: Motorcycle frame

The frame is typically made from welded aluminium or steel (or alloy) struts, with the rear suspension being an integral component in the design. Carbon fibre and titanium are used in a few very expensive custom frames.

The frame includes the head tube that holds the front fork and allows it to pivot. Some motorcycles include the engine as a load-bearing (or stressed) member; this has been used all through motorcycle history but is now becoming more common.

Oil-in-Frame (OIF) chassis, where the lubricating oil is stored in the frame of the motorcycle, was used for Vincent motorcycles of the 1950s, and for a while during the 1970s on some NVT British motorcycles. It was widely unpopular and generally regarded as a bad idea at the time. Today it is a used on some "thumpers" (single-cylinder four-strokes) that usually have dry-sump lubrication requiring an external oil tank. It has since gained some cachet in the modern custom bike world too because of the space savings it can afford and the reference to an earlier era.

Buell motorcycles employ a similar design the oil is held in the swingarm, while the fuel is held in the frame.

Suspension

Main article: Suspension (motorcycle)

Plunger design suspensions, as on this BSA Bantam, were superseded by the swinging arm

Modern designs have the two wheels of a motorcycle connected to the chassis by a suspension arrangement, however 'chopper' style motorcycles often elect to forgo rear suspension, using a rigid frame.

The front suspension is usually built into the front fork and may consist of telescoping tubes called fork tubes which contain the suspension inside or some multibar linkage that incorporate the suspension externally.

The rear suspension supports the swingarm, which is attached via the swingarm pivot bolt to the frame and holds the axle of the rear wheel. The rear suspension can consist of several shock arrangements:

Dual shocks, which are placed at the far ends of the swingarm

Traditional monoshock, which is placed at the front of the swingarm, above the swingarm pivot bolt

Softail style suspension, where the shock absorbers are mounted horizontally in front of the swingarm, below the swingarm pivot bolt and operate in extension.

Front fork

Main article: Motorcycle fork

A motorcycle fork is the portion of a motorcycle that holds the front wheel and allows one to steer. For handling, the front fork is the most critical part of a motorcycle. The combination of rake and trail determines how stable the motorcycle is.

A fork generally consists of two fork tubes (sometimes also referred to as forks), which hold the front wheel axle, and a triple tree, which connects the fork tubes and the handlebars to the frame with a pivot that allows for steering.

Engine

Main article: Motorcycle engine

Almost all commercially available motorcycles are driven by conventional gasoline internal combustion engines, but some small scooter-type models use an electric motor, and a very small number of diesel models exist (e.g., the USMC M1030 M1 version of the Kawasaki KLR650 and the Dutch-produced Track T-800CDI).

Opposed twin engine on a Ural

The displacement is defined as the total volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in during one complete engine cycle. In a piston engine, this is the volume that is swept as the pistons are moved from top dead centre to bottom dead centre. To the layperson this is the "size" of the engine. Motorcycle engines range from less than 50 cc (cubic centimetres), commonly found in many small scooters, to 5735 cc, a Chevrolet V8 engine, currently used by Boss Hoss in its cruiser style motorcycle.

Motorcycles have mostly, but not exclusively, been produced with one to four cylinders, and designers have tried virtually every imaginable layout. The most common engine configurations today are the single and twin, the V-twin, the opposed twin (or boxer), and the in-line triple and in-line four. A number of others designs have reached mass production, including the V-4, the flat 6-cylinder, the flat 4-cylinder, the in-line 6-cylinder, and the Wankel engine. Exotic engines, such as a radial piston engine, sometimes appear in custom built motorcycles, though two firms Megola and Redrup put radial engined motorcycles into production.

A Sok 1000 V-twin engine

Engines with more cylinders for the same displacement feel smoother to ride. Engines with fewer cylinders are cheaper, lighter, and easier to maintain. Liquid-cooled motorcycles have a radiator which is the primary way their heat is dispersed. Coolant or oil is constantly circulated between this radiator and the cylinder when the engine is running. Air-cooled motorcycles rely on air blowing past fins on the engine case to disperse heat. Liquid cooled motorcycles have the potential for greater power at a given displacement, tighter tolerances, and longer operating life, whereas air cooled motorcycles are potentially cheaper to purchase, less mechanically complex and lighter weight.

An air cooled engine contracts and expands with its wider temperature range, requiring looser tolerances, and giving shorter engine life. The temperature range of an air cooled two stroke is even more extreme and component life even shorter than in an air cooled four stroke.

As applied to motorcycles, two-stroke engines have some advantages over equivalent four-strokes: they are lighter, mechanically much simpler, and produce more power when operating at their best. But four-stroke engines are cleaner, more reliable, and deliver power over a much broader range of engine speeds. In developed countries, two-stroke road-bikes are rare, becausen addition to the reasons aboveodifying them to meet contemporary emissions standards is prohibitively expensive. Almost all modern two-strokes are single-cylinder, liquid-cooled, and under 600 cc.

In November 2006, the Dutch company E.V.A. Products BV Holland announced that its diesel-powered motorcycle, the Track T-800CDI, achieved production status. The Track T-800CDI uses a 800 cc three-cylinder Daimler Chrysler diesel engine. Other manufacturers, including Royal Enfield, had been producing diesel-powered bikes since at least the 1980s. Also, Intelligent Energy, a British alternative-fuel company, is developing a motorcycle powered by a detachable hydrogen-powered fuel cell, which it calls an Emissions Neutral Vehicle (ENV). According to reports, the vehicle can sustain speeds of 50 mph (80 km/h) while making virtually no noise, and can run for up to four hours without refueling.

Transmission

The transmission on this 1921 ABC motorcycle is located behind the engine and shifts by a long hand-operated lever on its right side.

A typical 5-gear, foot-shift transmission on an HD Sportster

Modern motorcycles (excepting scooters) all change gears (of which they will increasingly have five or six) by foot lever. The weight of the largest touring motorcycles (sometimes in excess of 360 kg or 800 lbs) is such that they cannot effectively be pushed backwards by a seated rider, and they are fitted with a reverse gear as standard. In some cases, including the Honda Gold Wing and BMW K1200LT, this is not really a reverse gear, but a feature of the starter motor which when reversed, performs the same function. In earlier times pre WWII, hand-operated gear changes were common, a lever was provided to the side the fuel tank. British and many other motorcycles after WWII used a lever on the right but today gear-changing is standardised on a foot-operated lever to the left.

All two-wheelers use a sequential gearbox. On a motorcycle either first or second gear can be selected from neutral, but higher gears may only be accessed in order - it is not possible to shift from second gear to fourth gear without shifting through third gear. A five-speed of this configuration would be known as "one down, four up" because of the placement of the gears with relation to neutral. Neutral is to be found "half a click" away from first and second gears, so shifting directly between the two gears can be made in a single movement.

Traditional scooters still have manual gear-changing by a twist grip on the left hand side of the handlebar, with a clutch on a lever also rotating. Increasingly they may be fitted with a continuously variable transmission or CVT instead, a kind of automatic transmission (as once used in the DAF car) that is stepless. Step-through motorcycles often have a three-speed foot change, but the clutch is automatic.

The clutch is typically an arrangement of plates stacked in alternating fashion, one geared on the inside to the engine and the next geared on the outside to the transmission input shaft. Whether wet (rotating in engine oil) or dry, the plates are squeezed together by a spring, causing friction build up between the plates until they rotate as a single unit, driving the transmission directly. A lever on the handlebar exploits mechanical advantage through a cable or hydraulic arrangement to release the clutch spring, allowing the engine to freewheel with respect to the transmission.

Final drive

A shaft final drive is housed within a rear swingarm of a BMW R1200GS

Power transfer from the gearbox to the rear wheel is accomplished by different methods.

Chain drive uses sprockets and a roller chain, which requires both lubrication and adjustment for elongation (stretch) that occurs through wear. The lubricant is subject to being thrown off the fast-moving chain and results in grime and dirt build up. Chains do deteriorate, and excessive wear on the front and rear sprockets can be dangerous. In a chain drive the power is transmitted into the real wheel via a cush drive. Virtually all high performance racing motorcycles use chain drive.

A belt drive is still subject to stretch but operates very quietly, cleanly, and efficiently. However, belt drives are limited in the amount of power they can transmit. A toothed belt is frequently used.

A shaft drive is usually completely enclosed; the visual cue is a tube extending from the rear of the transmission to a bell housing on the rear wheel. Inside the bell housing a bevelled gear on the shaft mates with another on the wheel mount. This arrangement is superior in terms of noise and cleanliness and is virtually maintenance free, with the exception of occasional fluid changes. However, the additional gearsets are a source of power loss and added weight. A shaft-equipped motorcycle may also be susceptible to shaft effect.

Wheels

The wheel rims are usually steel or aluminium (generally with steel spokes and an aluminium hub) or mag-type cast or machined aluminium. At one time, motorcycles used spoke wheels built up from separate components, but, except for dirtbikes, one-piece wheels are more common now. Performance racing motorcycles often use carbon-fibre wheels, but the expense of these wheels is prohibitively high for general usage.

A wire wheel and pneumatic motorcycle tyre on a Ural

Wire wheels have a central hub connected to the rim of the wheel via spokes made of wire. These spokes are generally quite solid and will not easily bend as would typical wire cord. Nevertheless, they mechanically function as wires under tension, holding the rim true and providing strength to the wheel. Cast magnesium disks, produced by one-step hot forging from magnesium alloys ZK60 and MA-14, are also used for many motorcycle wheels.

Tires

Main article: Motorcycle tyres

Motorcycles mainly use pneumatic tires. However, in some cases where punctures are common (some enduros), the tyres are filled with a "mousse" which is unpunctureable. Both types of tyre come in many configurations. The most important characteristic of any tyre is the contact patch, the small area that is in contact with the road surface while riding. There are tyres designed for dirtbikes, touring, sport and cruiser bikes.

Dirtbike tyres have knobbly, deep treads for maximum grip on loose dirt, mud, or gravel; such tyres tend to be less stable on paved surfaces. Touring tyres are usually made of harder rubber for greater durability. They may last longer, but they tend to provide less outright grip than sports tyres at optimal operating temperatures. The payoff is that touring tyres typically offer more grip at lower temperatures, meaning they can be more suitable for riding in cold or winter conditions whereas a sport tyre may never reach the optimal operating temperature.

Sport/performance tyres provide amazing grip but may last 1,000 miles (1,600 km) or less. Cruiser and "sport touring" tyres try to find the best compromise between grip and durability. There is also a type of tyre developed specifically for racing. These tyres offer the highest of levels of grip for cornering. Because of the high temperatures at which these tyres typically operate, use on the street is unsafe because the tyres will typically not reach optimum temperature before a rider arrives, thus providing almost no grip en route. In racing situations, racing tyres would normally be brought up to temperature in advance by the use of tyre warmers.

Brakes

Front disk brakes with an ABS sensor ring on a BMW R1200RT

There are generally two independent brakes on a motorcycle, one set on the front wheel and one on the rear. However, some models have "linked brakes" whereby both can be applied at the same time using only one control.

Front brakes are generally much more effective than rear brakes: roughly two thirds of stopping power comes from the front brakeainly as a result of weight transfer being much more pronounced compared to longer or lower vehicles, because of the motorcycle's short wheelbase relative to its center of mass height. This can result in brake dive.

Brakes can either be drum or disc based, with disc brakes being more common on large, modern or more expensive motorcycles for their far superior stopping power, particularly in wet conditions. There are many brake-performance-enhancing aftermarket parts available for most motorcycles, including brake pads of varying compounds and steel-braided brake lines.

In 1981, BMW introduced an antilock braking system (ABS) on a motorcycle. Other manufacturers have since also adopted this technology, although Harley Davidson only offers it on some police motorcycles and not on civilian motorcycles. ABS is normally found on motorcycles of 500 cc or greater engine capacity, although it is available on motor scooters down to 49 cc.

Instruments

Most road motorcycles have an instrument panel, usually consisting of speedometer, odometer and tachometer. Fuel gauges are becoming more common, but traditionally a reserve tank arrangement is used with a petcock (petrol tap) on the side of the motorcycle allowing the rider to switch to a reserve fuel supply when the main fuel supply is exhausted. There is not actually a separate reserve tank: The intake for the petcock has two pipes, one extending higher into the fuel tank than the other. When fuel no longer covers the longer pipe the engine will lose power/splutter and the rider switches the petcock to the "reserve" setting, which accesses the shorter pipe. Riders whose bikes lack a fuel gauge (most machines prior to the past few years) usually learn how far they can go with a full tank of fuel, and then use a trip meter if available to judge when they must refill the tank.

See also

Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics

Motorcycle accessories

Motorcycle saddle

Shaft effect

References

^ "Chassis". motorcycle-glossary.com. http://motorcycle-glossary.com/chassis/36. Retrieved 2007-07-03. 

^ Martin Peacock (3 April 2006). "Oil In Frame Triumphs - A Potted History". The Vintage Motorcycle Club, South Durham Section. http://www.vmccsouthdurham.co.uk/content/view/22/51/. Retrieved 2007-05-16. 

^ "The first commercially-available diesel motorcycle". Gizmag. November 20, 2006. http://www.gizmag.com/go/6493/. Retrieved 2007-06-28. 

^ "Diesel motorbikes". Journey to Forever. http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_bikes.html. Retrieved 2007-06-28. 

^ Earth Talk (July 1, 2007). "How Much Pollution do Motorcycles Generate?". Environment, Health News Digest. http://www.healthnewsdigest.com/news/Environment_380/How_Much_Pollution_do_Motorcycles_Generate.shtml. Retrieved 2007-07-02. 

External links

How Motorcycles Work by Bill Harris

Motorcycle Glossary - definitions of motorcycle terms

Categories: Motorcycle technology | Motorcycle safety
About the Author

I am an expert from China Manufacturers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as ez fold , foldable stool.

White Industries Eno Eccentric Rear Hub $139.99 White Industries Eno Eccentric Rear Hub. Attention single speed and fixed-gear fanatics! Now this road bike or mountain bike hub allows you can ditch your chain tensioner!

Nirve Brookhurst Commuter Bike $599.99 Nirve Brookhurst Commuter Bike. Add some Euro style to your bike commute with the Nirve Brookhurst commuter bike. This sharp-looking bike features a classically-styled, lugged chromoly frame with water bottle and rack mounts, Shimano 7-speed internal rear hub for smooth gear changes, alloy caliper brakes and easy-rolling 700c wheels that make commuting a breeze.

Schwinn Hornet Beach Cruiser Bike $349 Schwinn Hornet Beach Cruiser Bike. It's simple, stylish and ready to hit the beach running. The Schwinn Hornet is a classic cruiser bike with plenty of personality. It features an aluminum frame, resilient steel fork, 3-speed internal hub, rear coaster brake and cruiser tires for miles of non-stop fun.

2012 Charge Tap Fitness Bike $749.99 2012 Charge Tap Fitness Bike. Dig the clean lines of a flat bar fixie, but prefer more gears for when the streets get steep? Then check out the Charge Tap. This hub-geared, Tange Infinity chromoly fitness bike gives you eight speeds for tackling just about any terrain, and throws in full-coverage fenders for all-weather protection, Tektro caliper brakes for efficient speed control and rugged Alex double-wall rims for comfortable commuting and cruising. It's a stylish, simple, and practical bike that's fun to ride and easy to maintain.

2012 Charge Plug City Bike $499.99 2012 Charge Plug City Bike. From its no-frills, straight-gauge steel frame and rigid steel fork to the flip flop rear hub, the Charge Plug City Bike is pure, back-to-basics business. Fortunately, its business is making riding fun. Tough as a tank and nearly as unstoppable, the Plug is so old-school in its design and component spec that it's actually years ahead of the legions of form-before-function faux fixies being churned out by the bike-building behemoths. Bullhorn handlebars, inline brake levers and a commitment to minimalism make the Plug the real deal. Its lively responsiveness and impressive handling make it a real pleasure to ride.

2012 Charge Mixer City Bike $1299.99 2012 Charge Mixer City Bike. What do you look for in a classic commuter bike? Double-butted chromoly frame? How about a maintenance-free 11-speed Shimano Alfine hub? And lightweight double-wall alloy wheels maybe? And fenders and rack mounts? And who doesn't want lightweight cockpit components? If this sounds a lot like your wish list, you're wishing for a Charge Mixer City Bike. It's got all this and more, including Truvativ AKA 1.1 crankset, easy rolling 700x32c tires and -- get this -- even hydraulic disc brakes.

2011 TransIt Kenan Commuter Bike $499 2011 TransIt Kenan Commuter Bike. The Kenan commuter bike takes its name from University of North Carolina alumnus and benefactor, William Rand Kenan, Jr. A brilliant chemist, Mr. Kenan made his first major discovery in the late 1800s while looking for an economical way to produce aluminum. Fast-forward a century or so and here you have the TransIt Kenan, one of the most brilliant uses for aluminum to ever come down the pike. With a 3-speed internally-geared rear hub, all-weather disc brakes, wide (but super fast) tires and mounts for fenders and rack, the Kenan is a bomb-proof, low-maintenance, all-purpose bike that will get you across campus or across town with ease and economy.

2010 TransIt Kenan Commuter Bike $399 2010 TransIt Kenan Commuter Bike. The Kenan commuter bike takes its name from University of North Carolina alumnus and benefactor, William Rand Kenan, Jr. A brilliant chemist, Mr. Kenan made his first major discovery in the late 1800s while looking for an economical way to produce aluminum. Fast-forward a century or so and here you have the TransIt Kenan, one of the most brilliant uses for aluminum to ever come down the pike. With a 3-speed internally-geared rear hub, all-weather disc brakes, wide (but super fast) tires and mounts for fenders and rack, the Kenan is a bomb-proof, low-maintenance, all-purpose bike that will get you across campus or across town with ease and economy.

2012 Charge Mandoline 5-Speed Hybrid Street Bike $549.99 2012 Charge Mandoline 5-Speed Hybrid Street Bike. If you're looking for a bike that's simple, elegant and super comfortable, the Charge Mandoline 5-Speed Hybrid Street Bike should be hovering at the top of your wish list. With its classically styled lightweight aluminum frame, Sturmey Archer 5-speed internally geared rear hub and highly functional full fenders and wicker utility basket, the Decanter is your two-wheeled ticket to a leisurely biking experience. For similar features with two fewer speeds and a lower price point, check out the Charge Decanter 3-speed Hybrid Street Bike.

2012 Charge Steamer Hybrid Street Bike $499.99 2012 Charge Steamer Hybrid Street Bike. Here's something you don't see every day -- a Euro-styled hybrid with an edgy industrial twist. The Charge Steamer Hybrid Street Bike bridges the gap between your typical beach cruiser and cookie cutter-variety hybrid bike. It features a 6062 alloy frame with an integrated rear rack, 26 balloon tires, cushy sprung saddle, swept-back handlebars, custom chainguard and fenders and wide-ratio 3-speed hub gears. It's a comfortable, low-maintenance bike that makes getting there as much fun as being there.

2012 Charge Decanter 3-Speed Hybrid Street Bike $499.99 2012 Charge Decanter 3-Speed Hybrid Street Bike. If you're looking for a bike that's simple, elegant and super comfortable, the Charge Decanter 3-Speed Hybrid Street Bike should be hovering at the top of your wish list. With its classical, European-styled lightweight aluminum frame, Sturmey Archer 3-speed internally geared rear hub and highly functional full fenders and wicker utility basket, the Decanter is your two-wheeled ticket to a leisurely biking experience. For similar features with two additional speeds, check out the Charge Mandoline 5-speed Hybrid Street Bike.

2009 Breezer Freedom Hybrid Comfort Bike $279 2009 Breezer Freedom Hybrid Comfort Bike. The Breezer Freedom Hybrid Comfort Bike is simply a great value. You get a legendary 6061 diamond aluminum frame, super-easy twist shifting from Shimano's Nexus 3-speed internally geared hub and a wide, coil-spring saddle that keeps you comfortable on every ride. And with the Freedom's useful features such as fenders, chainguard and spacious rear carrier, you'll find plenty of reasons to be out Breezin'.

2012 Schwinn 411 IG5 City Bike $659.99 2012 Schwinn 411 IG5 City Bike. If the term city bike conjures up an image of a bare-bones, skinny-tubed steel fixie or single-speed, Schwinn's 411 IG5 is going to rock your bike belief system to the core. Sporting an aluminum frame with a distinctive split top tube design and an even more unique front cargo basket that's actually integrated into the handlebars, the 411 doesn't look like any other urban bike you've ever seen. And that's not where its uniqueness ends. This urban two-wheeler actually has gears -- five, in fact, courtesy of the Sturmey Archer rear hub -- and, believe it or not, disc brakes. Definitely not your father's city bike, the Schwinn 411 IG5 puts a whole new spin on the concept itself.

2012 Charge Plug Prestige City Bike $599.99 2012 Charge Plug Prestige City Bike. With upgraded rims, hubs, brakes, levers and cockpit components, the Plug Prestige from Charge takes the best features of the popular Plug single-speed city bike and raises the bar a handful of notches. You get the same street-rugged Tange chromoly frame, rigid steel fork and flip-flop hub versatility delivering the same lively responsiveness and impressive handling in a lighter, high-performance package. And most importantly, you get an authentic city bike that the legions of form-before-function faux fixies will never match.

2010 TransIt Rosemary Commuter Bike $749 2010 TransIt Rosemary Commuter Bike. Just as Rosemary Street parallels Cameron Avenue in our hometown of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the TransIt Rosemary commuter bike parallels our Cameron commuter in almost every specification except color. More than just a run-of-the-mill commuter bike, the Rosemary is a premium commuter equipped with carefully selected, high-quality components. We start with a custom chromoly frame for strength, durability and steel's legendary ride quality. Then, we specify only top-notch drivetrain, cockpit, and rolling components to ensure that the Rosemary delivers a great ride, exceptional comfort and long-lasting durability. To ensure minimal maintenance and to simplify shifting, we chose an internally-geared rear hub that puts a range of nine handy gears right at your fingertips. All-season disc brakes, custom wheels with easy-rolling, puncture-resistant tires, sturdy alloy fenders and rack mounts round out the highly functional package. Compare the Rosemary to any other high-end commuter bicycle (really, we encourage you to check some out -- especially their price tags), and you'll see that on top of everything else, we've also made her an unparalleled value.

2011 TransIt Franklin Commuter Bike $749 2011 TransIt Franklin Commuter Bike. Historic Franklin Street runs the breadth of Chapel Hill. Following this fabled thoroughfare south from our brick-and-mortar shop located just off Franklin to the summit of the town's namesake hill, you'll discover the historic university architecture, quaint shops and hip bistros that inspired the Franklin's design. The flagship in the TransIt line of commuter bikes, the Franklin is a versatile ride built for dependability, utility, comfort and style. With a custom hybrid-style frame fashioned from lightweight aluminum alloy, Shimano Alfine 8-speed internal hub and RapidFire shifter providing plenty of easily accessible gears for hill-climbing, and a rear rack and fenders offering all-weather functionality, the Franklin blends modern thinking and old-school aesthetics in a bicycle that has at least as much character as the town we call home.

2010 TransIt Franklin Commuter Bike $649 2010 TransIt Franklin Commuter Bike. Historic Franklin Street runs the breadth of Chapel Hill. Following this fabled thoroughfare south from our brick-and-mortar shop located just off Franklin to the summit of the town's namesake hill, you'll discover the historic university architecture, quaint shops and hip bistros that inspired the Franklin's design. The flagship in the TransIt line of commuter bikes, the Franklin is a versatile ride built for dependability, utility, comfort and style. With a custom hybrid-style frame fashioned from lightweight aluminum alloy, Shimano Alfine 8-speed internal hub and RapidFire shifter providing plenty of easily accessible gears for hill-climbing, and a rear rack and fenders offering all-weather functionality, the Franklin blends modern thinking and old-school aesthetics in a bicycle that has at least as much character as the town we call home.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 47 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 47. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 49 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 49. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 43 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 43. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 52 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 52. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 54 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 54. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 56 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 56. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 58 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 58. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 61 $589.99 2012 Fuji Declaration City Bike Grey 61. Whether you prefer fixie freedom or single-speed simplicity, the Fuji Declaration is the perfect platform for declaring your love of no-shift cycling. The flip-flop rear hub gives you the option of running fixed gear or single-speed and the mountain bike-ish geometry and flat bars put you in an upright riding position that's attuned to comfort. Rear rack and fender mounts even let you outfit the Fuji Declaration for commuting so you can declare your independence from the gas pump.

2012 Charge Scissor Pub Mountain Bike $649.99 2012 Charge Scissor Pub Mountain Bike. div align=centeriframe width=350 height=208 src=http://www.youtube.com/embed/URff8Agf6ls?rel=0 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen/iframe/divbr /br / If fixed gear freestyling is your thing, the Charge Scissor is your bike. Simple, clean and bomb-proof beyond reason, the Charge Scissor is not your father's city bike. Designed for wheelie popping, bar spinning, curb jumping, it features a super-tough Tange Prestige double-butted chromoly tubeset with tons of standover, mid-height bottom bracket, laser-cut horizontal dropouts and massive tire clearance (you run up to 2.2 29er tires on this bad boy), tapered and butted fork and flip flop hub with beefy 14mm axle.

2010 TransIt Cameron Commuter Bike $599 2010 TransIt Cameron Commuter Bike. Turning to local inspiration once again, we dubbed this worthy commuter the Cameron in honor of the heavily traveled avenue that bisects the UNC campus in Chapel Hill. On any given day, at any given hour, you're likely to see a bevy of bikes along busy Cameron Avenue. But none is more likely to turn admiring heads than this well-acquitted rig. Sporting a strong and light chromoly frame, 9-speed internally-geared rear hub, functional fenders and plush comfort saddle, the Cameron hides the soul of a red-hot, high-performance commuter under its mild-mannered cream-colored exterior. But, no worries. The Tektro disc brakes are fully capable of reigning things back in if you decide to explore the Cameron's wild side. And while you're exploring, check out the price tags on some of the other high-end commuter bikes out there and you'll appreciate what a red-hot value the Cameron represents, too.

2012 Charge Lazy Susan Women's Hybrid Street Bike $499.99 2012 Charge Lazy Susan Women's Hybrid Street Bike. div align=centeriframe width=350 height=208 src=http://www.youtube.com/embed/8dhm17zbR-k?rel=0 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen/iframe/divbr /br / And now for something completely different -- a Euro-styled women's city bike with an edgy industrial twist. The Charge Lazy Susan Women's Hybrid Street Bike bridges the gap between your typical beach cruiser and cookie cutter-variety women's bike. It features a 6062 alloy step-through frame with an integrated rear rack, 26 balloon tires, cushy sprung saddle, swept-back handlebars, custom chainguard and fenders and wide-ratio 3-speed hub gears. It's a comfortable, low-maintenance bike that makes getting there as much fun as being there.

2012 Charge Hob Single-Speed/Fixed Women's City Bike $549.99 2012 Charge Hob Single-Speed/Fixed Women's City Bike. div align=centeriframe width=350 height=208 src=http://www.youtube.com/embed/gV8lFnz6NOc?rel=0 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen/iframe/divbr /br / With its elegant mixte frame featuring twin top tubes and full, color-matched fenders, the Charge Hob Single-Speed Women's City Bike is as visually appealing as it is practical. As the distaff version of Charge's popular Plug single-speed bikes, the Hob has a lot to live up to. No worries. This city bike lives large, with its upright riding position, female-specific saddle and versatile flip flop hub offering a choice of single-speed or fixed gearing. It delivers comfort, performance and fun to spare

Easton 26" Haven Alloy Mountain Bike Wheel -- Front $425.99 Easton 26 Haven Alloy Mountain Bike Wheel -- Front. Wish you could find a high-performance Mountain Bike wheel tough enough to stand up to Trail and All Mountain conditions without imposing a weight penalty? And that doesn't cost almost as much as your first mountain bike? Well you can stop pitching your hard-earned pennies into the well because Easton has introduced the Haven Alloy wheel. With a 15mm front hub, 21mm internal rim width and a weight of only 745g, the Haven Alloy front wheel is all that and then some. It's also UST-compatible (without a rim strip, which helps keep the weight down even more), and wide and burly enough to handle tires up to 2.5 wide.

Easton Haven Alloy 26" Mountain Bike Rear Wheel -- CLOSEOUT $284.99 Easton Haven Alloy 26 Mountain Bike Rear Wheel -- CLOSEOUT. Wish you could find a high-performance Mountain Bike wheel tough enough to stand up to Trail and All Mountain conditions without imposing a weight penalty? And that doesn't cost almost as much as your first mountain bike? Well you can stop pitching your hard-earned pennies into the well because Easton has introduced the Haven Alloy wheel. With a 12x135/142 mm hub, 21mm internal rim width and a weight of only 908g, the Haven alloy rear wheel is all that and then some. It's also UST-compatible (without a rim strip, which helps keep the weight down even more), and wide and burly enough to handle tires up to 2.5 wide.

Scattante Americano 1 Single-Speed Road Bike - Courier Series $399 Scattante Americano 1 Single-Speed Road Bike - Courier Series. Urban single-speed culture is built on style and simplicity. Just like the Americano 1, which is covered from crank arms to dropouts in a blanket of white and subtly accented with polished chrome. Add the practicality of full-wrap fenders and the convenience of running fixed or free with a flip-flop hub, and you have all you need to run one-speed on the one-way.

2012 Scattante Americano 1 Single-Speed Road Bike $399.99 2012 Scattante Americano 1 Single-Speed Road Bike. Urban single-speed culture is all about style and simplicity. Just like the Americano 1, with its resilient steel frame, efficient dual-pivot caliper brakes, bar-top levers and rugged alloy wheels. With the added practicality of full-wrap fenders and the convenience of running fixed or free with a flip-flop hub, you have all you need to run one-speed all the way.

Easton XC One SS 29" Mountain Bike Wheelset -- CLOSEOUT $419.99 Easton XC One SS 29 Mountain Bike Wheelset -- CLOSEOUT. It takes an exceptionally rugged wheelset to withstand the thrashing that single-speed trail riding dishes out. Extreme torque, bit hits, it all takes a toll. Enter Easton's XC One SS 29 wheelset. A specially designed single-speed hub with oversized bearings and custom freehub are mated to custom-extruded 23mm Easton aluminum rims and hand-built with high-quality, Sapim double-butted spokes and alloy nipples. Acoustically tuned, XC1 SS wheels feature uniform spoke tension for exceptional stiffness and strength that 29er riders will appreciate every time they hit the trail.

Easton Haven Alloy 26" Mountain Bike Front Wheel -- 20x110mm -- CLOSEOUT $254.99 Easton Haven Alloy 26 Mountain Bike Front Wheel -- 20x110mm -- CLOSEOUT. Wish you could find a high-performance Mountain Bike wheel tough enough to stand up to Trail and All Mountain conditions without imposing a weight penalty? And that doesn't cost almost as much as your first mountain bike? Well you can stop pitching your hard-earned pennies into the well because Easton has introduced the Haven Alloy wheel. With a 20x110mm thru axle hub, 21mm internal rim width and a weight of only 745g, the Haven Alloy front wheel is all that and then some. It's also UST-compatible (without a rim strip, which helps keep the weight down even more), and wide and burly enough to handle tires up to 2.5 wide.

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Stan's Alpha 340 Disc Front Wheel $259.99 Stan's Alpha 340 Disc Front Wheel. Thinking about running disc brakes on your road or cyclocross bike? This is your wheel. Stan's ZTR Alpha 340 clincher rim is paired with ZTR Disc hub to make this tubeless-ready wheel strong, lightweight and affordable. Bead Socket Technology delivers a compliant ride with minimal rolling resistance.

Stan's Alpha 340 Disc Rear Wheel $389.99 Stan's Alpha 340 Disc Rear Wheel. Thinking about running disc brakes on your road or cyclocross bike? This is your wheel. Stan's ZTR Alpha 340 clincher rim is paired with ZTR Disc hub to make this tubeless-ready wheel strong, lightweight and affordable. Bead Socket Technology delivers a compliant ride with minimal rolling resistance.

Stan's ZTR Alpha Comp Road Wheelset $634.99 Stan's ZTR Alpha Comp Road Wheelset. Based on Stan's super-fast, super-stiff and super-strong Alpha 340 rim, and the new, lighter, 3.30R front hub, the ZTR Alpha Comp Road Wheelset delivers a ride quality so incredibly supple and responsive your road or cyclocross bike will swear you've splurged on tubulars. Run them tubeless with any road tubeless tire and Stan's sealant, or mount your favorite clincher and tube combo. Either way, you're in for a remarkable ride.